Laminitis: What Every Horse Owner Should Know

Laminitis is one of the most common and often misunderstood conditions affecting horses. It can develop quietly, progress quickly, and have lasting consequences if not managed early.

The encouraging part is that many risk factors are within our control.

At a Glance
• Early signs are subtle. Check hooves regularly
• Multiple factors drive laminitis risk
• Diet is central. Manage sugar, starch, and overall balance
• Movement and healthy weight support circulation and reduce risk
• Pasture conditions shift and should be monitored

Start with What You Can See
Laminitis does not always begin with obvious lameness. Early signs are easy to miss, such as warm hooves, sensitivity, or small changes in hoof structure like bruising or a stretched white line.

Consistent, hands-on observation is one of the simplest and most effective ways to catch issues early.

It’s Rarely Just One Thing
Laminitis is typically the result of several factors working together.

Nutrition is a major contributor, especially diets high in sugar and starch. Metabolic conditions, excess weight, limited movement, and even age or breed all play a role. Managing risk means looking at the whole horse rather than a single cause.

Circulation, Movement, and Weight
Healthy circulation is essential for proper hoof function.

When movement is limited, blood flow can decrease and inflammatory byproducts may build up. Even light exercise helps support circulation and hoof health.

Maintaining a healthy body condition is just as important. Excess weight increases strain on the hoof and is closely linked to metabolic issues associated with laminitis.

Feeding: Where It All Connects
Diet is often the tipping point. Too much sugar, starch, or overall intake can disrupt the hindgut and contribute to laminitis. A balanced, fiber-focused approach helps maintain a stable internal environment and support digestion.

Fiber should form the foundation. Sources such as beet pulp, alfalfa, and soy hulls support proper hindgut fermentation and overall balance.

Protein is often overlooked. While it is essential, more is not always better. In most cases, moderate levels are sufficient, and excess protein can contribute to hindgut imbalance.

As a general guideline:
• Keep intake around 2 percent of body weight
• Build the diet around fiber
• Limit sugar and starch
• Avoid overfeeding protein beyond what is needed

For horses at higher risk, a more targeted feeding approach can provide additional support, especially when focused on gut health and controlled nutrient levels.

Pasture Isn’t Always Predictable
Grass can vary more than many realize, and those changes can affect laminitis risk.

One key factor is fructans, a type of carbohydrate found in pasture. While technically a fiber, fructans are rapidly fermented in the hindgut. This can produce lactic acid, disrupt microbial balance, and allow harmful byproducts into the bloodstream.

Fructan levels tend to rise during spring and fall growth, in short or stressed pasture, and even in closely grazed winter grass. Because of this, pasture management is important. Monitoring grazing conditions, encouraging steady growth, and soaking preserved forage when needed can help reduce excess sugar intake.

Final Thought
Laminitis is not just a hoof issue. It is a whole-horse issue.
From feeding and pasture management to movement and body condition, each piece matters. When those elements are working together, the risk becomes much easier to manage.

Consistent, proactive care makes a difference over time. Small decisions each day can help protect long-term hoof health and overall wellbeing.

Adapted from “Laminitis Top Tips” by Dr. Tom Shurlock, Nutritionist at British Horse Feeds, and refined for Emerald Valley Natural Health’s The Right Lead series.